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MicroRNAs, or miRNAs, are short ribonucleic acid molecules (approximately 22 nucleotides long) that often play roles in the regulation of the expression of genes, usually by binding to target messenger RNA (mRNA) sequences and impeding the function of those mRNAs, either by leading to mRNA degradation or blocking the translation of the mRNA. Because of their important role in the regulation of gene expression, investigation of microRNA function has implications for cancer, heart disease, and nervous system research.
MicroRNA microarrays are printed with complementary DNA sequences that will bind to and assist in the detection of microRNAs and thereby determine the relative microRNA activity of a given sample. Using microRNA microarrays allows investigators to determine differences in the production of microRNAs under different conditions and at different time points.
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